Journal of thermal biology · 2024
Validity of the estimated core temperature algorithm during real-world prolonged walking exercise under warm ambient conditions.
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Peggen Mandy A G, Bongers Coen C W G, de Korte Johannus Q, Veenstra Bertil J, Levels Koen, Hopman Maria T E, Eijsvogels Thijs M H
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Non-invasive methods to estimate core body temperature (TC) are increasingly available. We examined the group-level and individual participant-level validity of the Estimated Core Temperature (ECTemp™) algorithm to estimate TC based on sequential heart rate (HR) measurements during real-world prolonged walking exercise in warm ambient conditions.
METHODS: Participants walked 30 (n = 3), 40 (n = 13) or 50 (n = 2) km on a self-selected pace during which TC was measured every minute using an ingestible temperature capsule. HR was measured every second and used to compute the estimated core temperature (TC-est) using the ECTemp™ algorithm. Bland-Altman analyses were performed to assess agreement between TC and TC-est. A systematic bias <0.1 °C was considered acceptable.
RESULTS: 18 participants (56 ± 16 years, 11 males) walked for 549 min (range 418-645 min), while ambient temperature increased from 22 °C to 29 °C. Average HR was 108 ± 13 bpm and TC ranged from 36.9 to 39.2 °C, whereas TC-est ranged from 36.8 to 38.9 °C (n = 8572 observations). Group level data revealed a systematic bias of 0.09 °C (p < 0.001) with limits of agreements of ±0.44 °C. A weak correlation was found between TC and TC-est (r = 0.28; p < 0.001). Large inter-individual differences in bias (range -0.45 °C to 0.62 °C) and correlation coefficients (range -0.09 to 0.95) were found, while only 3 participants (17%) had an acceptable systemic bias of <0.1 °C.
CONCLUSION: Group level data showed that the ECTemp™ algorithm had an acceptable systematic bias during prolonged walking exercise in warm ambient conditions, but only 3 out of 18 participants had an acceptable systemic bias. Future studies are needed to improve the accuracy of the algorithm before individual users can rely on their estimated TC during real-world exercise.
METHODS: Participants walked 30 (n = 3), 40 (n = 13) or 50 (n = 2) km on a self-selected pace during which TC was measured every minute using an ingestible temperature capsule. HR was measured every second and used to compute the estimated core temperature (TC-est) using the ECTemp™ algorithm. Bland-Altman analyses were performed to assess agreement between TC and TC-est. A systematic bias <0.1 °C was considered acceptable.
RESULTS: 18 participants (56 ± 16 years, 11 males) walked for 549 min (range 418-645 min), while ambient temperature increased from 22 °C to 29 °C. Average HR was 108 ± 13 bpm and TC ranged from 36.9 to 39.2 °C, whereas TC-est ranged from 36.8 to 38.9 °C (n = 8572 observations). Group level data revealed a systematic bias of 0.09 °C (p < 0.001) with limits of agreements of ±0.44 °C. A weak correlation was found between TC and TC-est (r = 0.28; p < 0.001). Large inter-individual differences in bias (range -0.45 °C to 0.62 °C) and correlation coefficients (range -0.09 to 0.95) were found, while only 3 participants (17%) had an acceptable systemic bias of <0.1 °C.
CONCLUSION: Group level data showed that the ECTemp™ algorithm had an acceptable systematic bias during prolonged walking exercise in warm ambient conditions, but only 3 out of 18 participants had an acceptable systemic bias. Future studies are needed to improve the accuracy of the algorithm before individual users can rely on their estimated TC during real-world exercise.