The first Portuguese family with NEFL-related Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease.

CMT disease caused by NEFL gene mutations is rare. The mode of inheritance can be dominant or recessive and nerve conduction velocities can be normal, reduced (demyelinating) or presenting intermediate values. Two Portuguese adult related members in two successive generations were affected by peripheral neuropathy, one with a chronic ataxic peripheral neuropathy and the other with a classical Charcot-Marie-Tooth phenotype. An axonal sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy was described at neurophysiology. A missense heterozygous mutation, c.794A > G (p.Tyr265Cys), in the NEFL gene was found in both patients. This is the first Portuguese family reported with NEFL-related CMT type 2.