Classification consistency of short-form General Self-efficacy Scales in profiling disability burden: A cross-version cluster-analytic approach.

BACKGROUND

General self-efficacy (GSE) is an influential transdiagnostic determinant of resilience and psychological vulnerability. Although several abbreviated versions of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) exist, their ability to reproduce the classification structure of the GSES remains unclear.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study used two-step cluster analyses to classify community-dwelling adults with and without acquired movement disabilities (N = 120; 50% females) according to the GSES and its shortened forms. Classification agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa. Criterion validity was examined by associating clustering variables with life satisfaction and health locus of control.

RESULTS

The seven-item and Skliarova's six-item versions displayed poor agreement (κ = 0.291, p < .001). Romppel's six-item as well as five-item, and three-item versions demonstrated moderate-to-excellent agreement with the GSES (κ = 0.662-0.827; p < .001). Both full and abbreviated models identified balanced high-, moderate-, and low-GSE profiles. Lower GSE profile was associated with longer disability duration and singleness, whereas higher GSE profile was linked to younger age and shorter disability duration. Significant between-cluster differences emerged for life satisfaction and internal health locus of control (p-values ≤.011).

CONCLUSIONS

The shortened GSES retains its profiling capacity. Reduced GSE is associated with poorer wellbeing among those with longer disability histories and singleness, highlighting potential targets for psychosocial interventions.