Hepatobiliary complications of parenteral nutrition.

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has become an important tool in the management of acutely ill patients and in patients unable to tolerate oral nutrition. Although the benefits of this treatment are obvious, there are various hepatobiliary complications associated with use of TPN. We review the spectrum of liver and biliary abnormalities associated with use of TPN, as well as discuss the management of these complications in both adults and infants.