A comparative study of five telerehabilitation therapies for improving core symptoms in stroke patients: A network meta-analysis (2,833 patients).

This network meta-analysis demonstrates that virtual reality therapy exhibits significant advantages in specific functional domains of remote rehabilitation: Remote virtual reality technology demonstrated the most pronounced effects in improving gait (SUCRA = 92.4%, standardized mean difference [SMD] = -1.27) and upper limb functional recovery (SUCRA = 71.3%, SMD = -0.64), while remote brain-computer interfaces showed the most significant effects in fine motor control. SMD = -1.27) and upper limb functional recovery (SUCRA = 71.3%, SMD = -0.64), while remote brain-computer interfaces showed the greatest effect in fine motor control (SUCRA = 87.6%, SMD = -1.20). Regarding quality of life improvement, exoskeleton training yielded the best results (SUCRA = 62.4%, SMD = 0.05). The findings of this study provide evidence-based support for developing personalized telerehabilitation protocols tailored to specific rehabilitation goals in clinical practice. This approach facilitates a shift in the telerehabilitation field from empirical selection to precision-targeted intervention strategies.