Ketamine successfully terminates malignant status epilepticus.

A 22-year-old woman with mitochondriopathy and pre-existing epilepsy developed status epilepticus (SE) not responding to benzodiazepines, phenytoin, thiopental, and propofol. SE was terminated within days after supplemental administration of continuous ketamine infusion to midazolam. The case suggests strong anticonvulsant properties of ketamine even after failure of GABAergic anesthetics, likely due to increased NMDA receptor expression with ongoing seizure activity. Thus, ketamine should be incorporated into therapeutic regimens for difficult-to-treat SE.