Identifying major predictors of lower-extremity amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

BACKGROUND

The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors for amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).

METHODS

Between 2012 and 2017, 646 patients with DFU were admitted to our diabetic foot care center. A retrospective chart review was performed, and the end point was limb salvage and minor or major amputation. Chi-square test, dependent t test, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors in patients with DFUs.

RESULTS

A total of 399 male and 247 female patients (mean age 64.6 years) were included in this study, of whom 159 (24.6%) underwent lower limb amputation (minor, 17.5; major, 7.1%). Independent risk factors of amputation were peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (odds ratio [OR], 3.196; p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) level (OR, 1.046; p = 0.001), and hospital stay (OR, 1.019; p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis based on all patients with PAD who underwent amputation showed that endovascular intervention (OR, 0.271; p = 0.049) was a protective factor for major amputation in addition to CRP level (OR, 1.116; p = 0.008).

CONCLUSION

DFU remains a major medical and public health issue. PAD, CRP level, and hospital stay are independent risk factors for amputation. Endovascular intervention is an independent protective factor against major amputation among patients with PAD who underwent amputation.