Transcranial Electrical Neurostimulation as a Potential Addiction Treatment.

Addiction remains difficult to treat, but non-invasive transcranial electrical and magnetic neurostimulation methods may provide promising and cost-effective treatment approaches. We provide a narrative review of recent developments and evidence of effectiveness and consider newer technology that may yield improved treatment approaches. In particular, we review temporal interference electrical neurostimulation, which allows non-invasive and focal stimulation of deep brain regions. This provides a promising new potential approach to treat addiction, because many of the brain regions that seem most important for addiction are deeper in the brain, out of reach of existing technologies such as transcranial direct current stimulation.