Hydroxy-functionalized magnetic covalent organic polymer as an efficient adsorbent for the enrichment of amide herbicides in foods.

Amide herbicides (AHs) are widely used in agriculture, yet some compounds in this class have been shown to pose potential risks to human health. Thus, the development of rapid and precise methods for detecting AH residues in food commodities is essential for ensuring public safety. In this study, a novel hydroxy-functionalized magnetic covalent organic polymer (M-COP, Fe3O4@ TAPP-THB-OH) was developed in this work and effectively utilized as a sorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). When coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) the established MSPE procedure enabled the sensitive quantification of AHs in complex food samples. The approach demonstrated good linearity (R² ≥ 0.9966), low limits of determination (0.025-1 μg/kg), and satisfactory recoveries (81.0-97.2 %). Moreover, the prepared M-COP can be reused at least 6 times. These results indicated that Fe3O4@ TAPP-THB-OH could be used as MSPE extractant for trace-level AHs determination in complex food matrices, combining high sensitivity with practical reusability.