Surgical Management of Pulmonary Mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive, angioinvasive fungal infection with particularly high mortality in thoracic/pulmonary involvement. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, and evolving surgical strategies for pulmonary and thoracic mucormycosis. Survival depends on early diagnosis (recognizing clinical/radiological clues and securing histopathological proof). The twin pillars of treatment are prompt, high-dose liposomal amphotericin B and aggressive surgical resection to debride necrotic tissue and achieve clear margins. Advances in intra-operative navigation, peri-operative care, and adjunctive antifungal options are discussed. Outcomes, prognostic factors, complications, and long-term sequelae are highlighted, underscoring that a proactive, combined-modality strategy offers the best chance for survival.