Local IL-10 level as a predictive factor in generalized aggressive periodontitis treatment response.

Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) presents a reduced response to non-surgical therapy. However, it is not clear if the initial clinical, microbiological or immunological characteristics are impacting the worse response to treatment. This study aimed to identify the predictive value of clinical, microbiological and immunological patterns on the clinical response to therapy in GAgP patients. Twenty-four GAgP patients were selected, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival biofilm were collected. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia levels were evaluated by qPCR, and IL-1β and IL-10 concentration by ELISA. Twelve patients were treated with SRP (scaling and root planning), and twelve with SRP plus 375 mg amoxicillin and 250 mg metronidazole (8/8 hours, 7 days) (SRP + AM). The clinical changes (Probing Pocket Depth [PPD] reduction and Clinical Attachment Level [CAL] gain) 6 months post-treatment were correlated to the initial clinical, inflammatory and microbiological variables using stepwise logistic regression (α = 5%). CAL gain at 6 months was 1.16 ± 0.77 for SRP and 1.74 ± 0.57 mm for SRP + AM (P > .05). PPD reduction was 1.96 ± 0.82 for SRP and 2.45 ± 0.77 mm for SRP + AM (P < .05). In the SRP group, IL-10 showed a predictive value for clinical response. The higher the IL-10 concentration at baseline, the higher the reduction in PPD at 6 months (P = .01, r = .68). However, when antimicrobials were administered, no significant influence was detected (P > .05). It can be concluded that the IL-10 levels in GFC act as a predictor of clinical response to GAgP. Moreover, the intake of antimicrobials appears to overlap the influence of the inflammatory response on clinical response to treatment. Clinical trial registration number: NCT03933501.