A bilharzial pulmonary artery aneurysm with a large calcified mural thrombus.

Although very rarely encountered nowadays, bilharziasis should still be considered as one of the main causes of pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAA) and core-pulmonale in endemic areas. The ideal treatment of PAA remains uncertain because there is no clear consensus about the best therapeutic approach, due to limited experience because of the rarity of the disease. Still the management of pulmonary artery thrombus is only through proper anticoagulation and follow-up with a very limited role for surgery.