Histological effect of methotrexate on submandibular salivary glands in albino rats ( Rattus norvegicus ).

BACKGROUND

Methotrexate (MTX), a potent chemotherapeutic agent, is known for its efficacy in the treatment of various malignancies. However, its use is often accompanied by adverse effects on non-target tissues, including the salivary glands.

AIM: This study aimed to identify the histological events and effects of MTX on the salivary glands of the experimental animals (rats).

METHODS

This study used albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The patients were divided into two groups: a control group that received normal saline and a treatment group that received a therapeutic dose of MTX. The animals were euthanized after the specified treatment duration, and their submandibular glands were harvested for histological examination. Tikrit University, College of Veterinary Medicine, from October 2023 to December 2023.

RESULTS

Histological analysis revealed significant alterations in the submandibular gland tissue of the MTX-treated animals compared with the control group. These histological alterations underscore the potential cytotoxic effects of MTX on the salivary glands, which may contribute to the development of xerostomia (dry mouth) and other oral complications in patients undergoing MTX therapy.

CONCLUSION

MTX administration in albino rats induces histological changes in the submandibular salivary glands. Therefore, further studies using special dyes are recommended to detect more specific changes, as well as the use of some medicinal herbs to reduce the harmful effects of the drug.