[Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis with extensive intraperitoneal free air, retroperitoneal emphysema, and pneumomediastinum:a case report].

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is characterized by the presence of several gas-filled cysts within the intestinal wall. Here, we report an exceptionally rare case, wherein pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis extended from the ileum through the right colon to the splenic flexure, accompanied by intraperitoneal free air, retroperitoneal emphysema, and mediastinal emphysema. The patient reported a complex medical history, including interstitial lung disease and bronchial asthma, and received steroid treatment alongside α-glucosidase inhibitors for diabetes mellitus. Conservative management was selected because of the absence of significant subjective symptoms and minimal abnormalities on abdominal examination despite striking radiological findings. The patient's condition improved rapidly after hospitalization.