[Parasite infections: schistosomiasis and echinococcosis].

Current situations of schistosomiasis and echinococcosis as re-emerging helminthic infec- tions are reported. Because of their relatively complicated life-cycles, those infections are in- fluenced and drifted by social and/or natural changed. Schistosomiasis is a trematode infec- tion, for which snails are needed as intermediate hosts in the life-cycle, therefore, endemic situation of schistosomiasis reflect ecological condition of their intermediate snail hosts. Current changes in the global environmental and/or climate conditions affect distribution of snail hosts, and subsequently, schistosomiasis can be appeared or disappeared. On the other hand, echinococcosis is a cestode infection of which life-cycle is mainly maintained in the wild animals. Social or economical development affects their endemic situations. Risk evalu- ation and future prospect of those helminth infections are discussed.