[The mechanisms of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in changes to the acid-base balance].

Experiments on white rats found that both chronic acidosis and chronic alkalosis cause fasting hyperglycemia and decreases glucose tolerance. In hypophysectomized animals, alkalosis causes similar effects and acidosis leads to hypoglycemia. Acute acidosis stimulates insulin and corticotropin secretions acute alkalosis reduces blood insulin and corticotropin levels and increases glucagon concentration. Chronic acidosis and alkalosis decrease insulin secretion and stimulates corticotropin secretion. Glucagon levels remain increased in chronic alkalosis. It has been concluded that primary cause of diabetogenic action of chronic acidosis is glucocorticoid hyperfunction and exhausting stimulation of B cells with glucose. Alkalosis causes a direct inhibitory action on B cells and activates A cells of Langerhans' islets.