Neuroplasticity and Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that leads to a decline in cognitive function, including memory. The exact causes of AD are not fully understood, and to date no treatments are available that can stop the progression of this neurocognitive disorder. AD is associated with progressive loss of neurons, synaptic connectivity, and disruption of neuroplasticity in the brain. Neuroplasticity is the nervous system's ability to adapt and recover in response to experiences, injuries, or a pathological change. Synaptic dysfunction and impairment of neuroplasticity are important elements of AD progression and cognitive decline. Studies have demonstrated that enhancement of neuroplasticity effectively improves cognition and memory, preventing the progression of AD. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of various pathophysiological explanations regarding the impairment of neuroplasticity in the pathogenesis of AD. We also highlight neuromodulation approaches, such as exercise, neurotrophic factor mimetics, pharmacological drugs, light therapy, and diet therapy that can promote neuroplasticity and have the potential for use in the prevention and treatment of AD.