Preventive medicine reports · 2026
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use and risk of gynecologic cancers: a meta-analysis of multinational real-world cohort studies.
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Li Rongxia, Zhao Xuewei, Shen Jinhai, Luo Bo, Wang Yongmei, Duan Yancang
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Given the established links between metabolic dysfunction and gynecologic malignancies, the potential association between GLP-1RA use and gynecologic cancer risk remains clinically relevant but incompletely defined. We conducted a meta-analysis of real-world cohort studies to evaluate this association.
METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed (from 1966) and Embase (from 1974) through February 15, 2026 for observational cohort studies assessing the association between (GLP-1 RA) use and gynecologic cancer outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models.
RESULTS: Nine retrospective cohort studies were included. GLP-1RA use was not significantly associated with gynecologic cancer risk (HR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.01). In cancer subtype analyses, a reduced risk was observed for ovarian cancer (HR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.93), whereas associations for endometrial, cervical, and other gynecologic cancers were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1RA use was not significantly associated with overall gynecologic cancer risk, although potential reductions were observed in obesity populations and for ovarian cancer. Given substantial heterogeneity and the observational nature of the evidence, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and considered hypothesis-generating.
METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed (from 1966) and Embase (from 1974) through February 15, 2026 for observational cohort studies assessing the association between (GLP-1 RA) use and gynecologic cancer outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models.
RESULTS: Nine retrospective cohort studies were included. GLP-1RA use was not significantly associated with gynecologic cancer risk (HR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.01). In cancer subtype analyses, a reduced risk was observed for ovarian cancer (HR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.93), whereas associations for endometrial, cervical, and other gynecologic cancers were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1RA use was not significantly associated with overall gynecologic cancer risk, although potential reductions were observed in obesity populations and for ovarian cancer. Given substantial heterogeneity and the observational nature of the evidence, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and considered hypothesis-generating.