Proteostasis and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in older adults, marked by a gradual and irreversible deterioration of cognitive abilities, including memory and thinking skills. AD is highly heterogeneous, with variations in amyloid and tau pathology, symptoms, proteostasis, neuroinflammation, and genetics. Dysregulated proteostasis and neuroinflammation, though usually protective, contribute significantly to disease progression. Proteostasis refers to the network that maintains the integrity of both intracellular and extracellular proteins, while neuroinflammation is the biological response to harmful stimuli. Proteostasis stress can activate immune responses and cause excessive inflammation, while impaired microglia and astrocyte function can further disrupt proteostasis and worsen disease progression. While numerous reviews on AD exist, this review focuses on the complex interplay between proteostasis and neuroinflammation in AD and their integral roles in disease pathology. Additionally, we will explore current and promising therapeutics targeting these processes, potential biomarkers, and the clinical trials conducted over the past 5 years, particularly those that address neuroinflammation and proteostasis, as identified through a PubMed search.