The impact of task (un)certainty on repeated grip force production.

Many studies found that in physical tasks, reducing certainty regarding their endpoints hinders performance. However, the impact of reducing certainty regarding other aspects of physical tasks is unknown. Here we manipulated the certainty of the required effort on an unrelated, parallel task (i.e., off-task uncertainty) and examined how it impacts force production in two within-subject experiments (N = 79). In two sessions, subjects completed 20 repetitions composed of maximal forces using a gripper with their dominant hand. Between repetitions, participants applied either submaximal constant or varied grip forces, with their non-dominant arm, matched for total forces across repetitions. While we observed trivial differences in total forces between conditions, under the varied condition, participants produced a steeper decrease in forces, suggesting that off-task uncertainty impacted their effort allocation strategy. We speculate that this pattern can be attributed to cognitive overload and/or changes in motivation stemming from the imposed uncertainty.