Effects of a Guided Neck-Specific Exercise Therapy on Recovery After a Whiplash: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the effects on pain and disability recovery after a whiplash of a guided neck-specific exercise therapy, compared to a different or an unguided neck-specific exercise therapy.

DESIGN

A literature search was conducted from inception to May 31, 2023, in three electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Eleven randomized controlled trials were included. Meta-analyses were performed with Review Manager software. The standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was used to measure the effect sizes and only short-term time points were considered.

RESULTS

Not all studies reported a significant decrease of pain and disability in the neck-specific exercise group compared to controls. However, meta-analyses demonstrated a significantly greater decrease in neck pain (standardized mean difference: -0.25; 95% confidence interval: [-0.38, -0.12]; P = 0.0002) and neck-disability index (standardized mean difference: -0.35; 95% confidence interval: [-0.54, -0.15]; P = 0.0005) in the neck-specific exercise group.

CONCLUSIONS

In addition to the benefits that a guided neck-specific exercise therapy has on motivation and program adherence, it provides greater benefits in pain and disability than a different or unguided neck-specific exercise therapy. Positive results are observed primarily with intervention periods of more than 6 wks and at least two sessions per week.

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CME

OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Determine the impact that whiplash-associated disorders have on a patient's life; (2) Identify and recognize the greater benefits of a supervised exercise therapy on recovery after a whiplash injury; and (3) Differentiate between the different exercise protocols conducted (types of exercises and duration) and incorporate therapy appropriately as part of an effective treatment plan.

LEVEL: Advanced.

ACCREDITATION: The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s) ™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.