New Insights into Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment with Non-Coding RNAs: What is the Best Option, microRNAs or Small-Interfering RNAs?

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a devastating disease that can lead to other serious comorbidities. Heart failure is a major problem in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. It usually begins with right-sided heart failure, but in severe or uncontrolled cases, it can progress to left-sided heart failure. Currently, available treatment options do not have desirable effects. Therefore, considering a new treatment strategy is a cardiology priority. Non-coding RNAs, including small interfering RNA and microRNA, are valuable treatment options to study. Several non-coding RNAs have been studied and even approved for treatment in other hard-to-treat diseases. However, deciding which to choose can be complex. That is because these non-coding RNAs can have multiple interaction processes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of pulmonary arterial hypertension's pathological pathways and our target non-coding RNA interaction pathways is crucial. Here, we discuss the potential benefits and harms of these options in treating patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.