Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology · 2025
Photodynamic therapy and argon laser treatment of white spot lesions: Effects on enamel remineralization and orthodontic bracket bond strength.
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Alnazeh Abdullah A, Kamran Muhammad Abdullah, Alshahrani Abdulaziz, Amer Orjuwan Mohammed, Anzi Raniya Alhmedai Kalaf
Аннотация
AIM: Effect of different prophylactic regimes, i.e., Fluoride, Methylene blue (MB) activated photodynamic therapy (PDT), Argon laser, and photopolymerized resin infiltration, on the microhardness (MH), calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio, bracket-enamel interface, and shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic adhesive adhered to demineralized enamel.
METHOD: One hundred twenty-five premolars were obtained and disinfected. The buccal surface was coated with acid-resistant varnish, creating a 4 × 6-mm area uncovered for bracket bonding and MH testing. Artificial enamel demineralization mimicking white spot lesion (WSL) was developed, and specimens were allocated into five groups based on prophylactic regimes (n = 25): Group 1 (No pretreatment), Group 2 (Fluoride), Group 3 (MB-PS+ Diode Activation), Group 4 (Argon laser), and Group 5 (photopolymerized resin infiltration). Five samples from each group underwent MH assessment and EDX evaluation for Ca/P ratio. 15 samples per group were bonded with orthodontic brackets and thermocycled. Enamel orthodontic bracket interface assessment was performed using scanning electron microscope(n = 5). SBS testing was executed using universal testing machine(n = 10). Debonded samples were examined according to Adhesive Remnant Index. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey were utilized for intergroup comparisons (p < 0.05).
RESULTS: Group 5- photopolymerized resin infiltration-treated groups presented the highest MH scores (273.45 ± 35.26) and maximum SBS (9.52 ± 0.92 MP). Whereas Group 3 (MB-PS-Diode Activation) displayed the lowest outcomes of MH (135.31 ± 32.11) and minimum bond integrity (5.23 ± 0.71 MPa). In terms of MH scores and SBS, the Argon laser was comparable to resin infiltration (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Both modalities, photopolymerized resin infiltration and argon laser, can be recommended as effective prophylactic regimens before bonding orthodontic brackets to demineralized enamel.
METHOD: One hundred twenty-five premolars were obtained and disinfected. The buccal surface was coated with acid-resistant varnish, creating a 4 × 6-mm area uncovered for bracket bonding and MH testing. Artificial enamel demineralization mimicking white spot lesion (WSL) was developed, and specimens were allocated into five groups based on prophylactic regimes (n = 25): Group 1 (No pretreatment), Group 2 (Fluoride), Group 3 (MB-PS+ Diode Activation), Group 4 (Argon laser), and Group 5 (photopolymerized resin infiltration). Five samples from each group underwent MH assessment and EDX evaluation for Ca/P ratio. 15 samples per group were bonded with orthodontic brackets and thermocycled. Enamel orthodontic bracket interface assessment was performed using scanning electron microscope(n = 5). SBS testing was executed using universal testing machine(n = 10). Debonded samples were examined according to Adhesive Remnant Index. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey were utilized for intergroup comparisons (p < 0.05).
RESULTS: Group 5- photopolymerized resin infiltration-treated groups presented the highest MH scores (273.45 ± 35.26) and maximum SBS (9.52 ± 0.92 MP). Whereas Group 3 (MB-PS-Diode Activation) displayed the lowest outcomes of MH (135.31 ± 32.11) and minimum bond integrity (5.23 ± 0.71 MPa). In terms of MH scores and SBS, the Argon laser was comparable to resin infiltration (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Both modalities, photopolymerized resin infiltration and argon laser, can be recommended as effective prophylactic regimens before bonding orthodontic brackets to demineralized enamel.