Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following mild Covid-19 in an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient: A case report.

COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is typically described in critically ill patients with severe pneumonia. We report a 68-year-old man, 16 weeks post autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant for AL amyloidosis, who developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) following mild COVID-19 upper respiratory tract infection not requiring oxygen supplementation or ICU admission. Diagnosis was established by positive broncho-alveolar lavage galactomannan with compatible CT chest findings, and he was treated with oral voriconazole. This case highlights that IPA may complicate mild COVID-19 in patients not traditionally considered at highest risk, supporting the concept that cumulative risk factors may precipitate IPA.