The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026
Prevalence and risk factors associated with corneal opacity in The Gambia.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Erima Denis, Taylor Elliott H, Okoh John A, Olaniyan Segun I, Bell Suzannah J, Kirkpatrick Ben, Bobat Hannaa, Bascaran Covadonga, Cassels-Brown Andrew, Faal Hannah, Kim Min J, Mactaggart Islay, Hydara Abba, Burton Matthew J
Аннотация
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Corneal opacity (CO) is a significant cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide. The first National Eye Health Survey in The Gambia (1986) and follow-up (1996) showed a decline in the crude prevalence of blindness but an increase in blindness from non-trachomatous CO. This study aimed to provide an update on the prevalence of CO and identify associated risk factors.
METHODS: Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to select a nationally representative sample of 10 800 adults aged ≥35 years. Distance best-corrected visual acuity was assessed with Peek Acuity. Ophthalmologists examined participants to identify trachomatous trichiasis, pterygium, CO, corneal ulcers and band keratopathy. CO was graded using a previously described system. Counts and prevalence estimates were based on the weighted sample, corrected for age/sex imbalance. The main outcome was the prevalence of CO. Multivariable logistic regression identified risk factors associated with CO.
RESULTS: 9188 participants were examined. CO was found in one or both eyes in 878 participants, giving an age-sex-adjusted prevalence of 9.6% (95% CI 8.7 to 10.5). CO was more likely unilateral (n=673) than bilateral (n=205). Among affected eyes, 41.0% had moderate or severe vision impairment or blindness. Risk factors independently associated with CO included trachomatous trichiasis (OR 5.22 [95% CI 3.46 to 7.86]), older age (OR 4.06 [95% CI 2.54 to 6.47]), male sex (OR 1.58 [95% CI 1.34 to 1.86]) and rural residence (OR 1.62 [95% CI 1.15 to 2.28]).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CO in The Gambia remains high. Focused national efforts to prevent and treat CO are urgently needed.
METHODS: Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to select a nationally representative sample of 10 800 adults aged ≥35 years. Distance best-corrected visual acuity was assessed with Peek Acuity. Ophthalmologists examined participants to identify trachomatous trichiasis, pterygium, CO, corneal ulcers and band keratopathy. CO was graded using a previously described system. Counts and prevalence estimates were based on the weighted sample, corrected for age/sex imbalance. The main outcome was the prevalence of CO. Multivariable logistic regression identified risk factors associated with CO.
RESULTS: 9188 participants were examined. CO was found in one or both eyes in 878 participants, giving an age-sex-adjusted prevalence of 9.6% (95% CI 8.7 to 10.5). CO was more likely unilateral (n=673) than bilateral (n=205). Among affected eyes, 41.0% had moderate or severe vision impairment or blindness. Risk factors independently associated with CO included trachomatous trichiasis (OR 5.22 [95% CI 3.46 to 7.86]), older age (OR 4.06 [95% CI 2.54 to 6.47]), male sex (OR 1.58 [95% CI 1.34 to 1.86]) and rural residence (OR 1.62 [95% CI 1.15 to 2.28]).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CO in The Gambia remains high. Focused national efforts to prevent and treat CO are urgently needed.