European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025
Rising incidence of invasive bacterial infections in Belgium following the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Cuypers Lize, van Kleef-van Koeveringe Stefanie, Mattheus Wesley, Martiny Delphine, Cornelissen Laura, Lagrou Katrien, Matheeussen Veerle, Desmet Stefanie
Аннотация
Purpose: To describe the evolution of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), Streptococcus pyogenes (Spy) and Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), in Belgium over a 7-year time period (2017-2024). ; Methods: Case numbers and incidence rates were evaluated: pre-COVID (2017-2019), COVID (2020-2021) and post-COVID (2022-2024). ; Results: Incidence of IBIs was severely impacted during COVID in Belgium, respectively reductions of 45.1%, 59.1%, 69.8% and 80.5% for Hi, Spn, Spy and Nm, in 2020-2021 versus 2017-2019. Following lifting non-pharmaceutical interventions, IBIs increased towards end 2022. Spy and Hi infections decreased again in 2023-2024, however exceeding pre-COVID levels. Spn further increased in 2023-2024, while Nm is the only pathogen with lower cases in 2023-2024 than pre-COVID. ; Conclusion: While similarity for all IBIs was expected based on post-COVID immunity decrease, other factors like emerging bacterial clones and viral-bacterial interactions may have contributed.