Interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNL1R) transcript is highly expressed in rhinovirus bronchiolitis and correlates with disease severity.

BACKGROUND

As the expression of type III IFN receptor is restricted to the mucosal surfaces, its evaluation could be crucial to characterize the role of IFNλs during bronchiolitis.

OBJECTIVES

This study was designed to investigate airway type III IFN receptor (IFNLR1/IL10RB) expression during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or human rhinovirus (HRV) bronchiolitis.

STUDY

DESIGN

Seventy-one 1-6 month old infants hospitalized with their first episode of acute RSV or HRV bronchiolitis were selected for this study. Expression of IFNLR1, IL10RB and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) MxA and ISG56 in cells of nasopharyngeal washings taken within the first 48 h of admission were determined by a real-time hydrolysis probe RT-PCR assay. The ability of types I and III IFNs to induce the expression of both IFNLR1 and IL10RB in vitro was also evaluated.

RESULTS

Airway IFNLR1 transcript levels were significantly higher in HRV bronchiolitis infants compared to those with RSV bronchiolitis. No differences were recorded for IL10RB-mRNA between RSV or HRV infection. IFNLR1 mRNA levels increased significantly in infants infected with the C species of HRV and in those with a higher clinical score index and with an eosinophil count >3%. There were no correlations in vivo between type III IFN receptors and those of ISGs and neither IFNLR1 nor IL10RB were induced in vitro by IFNs.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that IFNLR1 are increased in HRV-infected infants with more severe bronchiolitis and blood eosinophilia and in those infected with the HRVC species.