Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology · 2026
Amebic liver abscess hospitalizations in the United States: A nationwide analysis of trends and severe morbidity, 2002-2023.
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Alnounou Akram, Nohomovich Brian, Alabbas Mohammad, Hickok Kirsten, Sieloff Eric Martin, Jafri Syed-Mohammed, Sorser Serge, Melgar Thomas A
Аннотация
AIMS: US population-based data on amebic liver abscess (ALA) are limited and predate the ICD-10-CM era. We quantified national trends, inpatient outcomes, and factors associated with severe in-hospital morbidity among adult ALA hospitalizations.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the 2002-2023 National Inpatient Sample, excluding 2015. ALA was identified by ICD-9-CM 006.3 or ICD-10-CM A06.4 in any diagnosis position. The primary morbidity outcome was a composite of severe sepsis, acute kidney injury, liver-related decompensation, gram-negative septicemia, or unspecified septicemia. Survey-weighted analyses incorporated discharge weights, strata, and clustering. We identified 688 ALA hospitalizations, representing 3314 weighted national hospitalizations (95% CI, 2982-3646). The annual proportion declined (P < 0.001). ALA hospitalizations were predominantly male (77.6%), frequently Hispanic (51.7%), and concentrated in the West (45.6%). A coded drainage/aspiration procedure was present in 57.2%. The severe morbidity composite occurred in 25.1% of ALA versus 15.1% of general adult hospitalizations (P < 0.001). Mean length of stay (8.64 vs 4.83 days) and mean 2023 charges ($82,964 vs $55,508) were higher (both P < 0.001). Coagulopathy was the only factor retained after backward elimination (adjusted OR, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.49-9.77; P = 0.006), but final-model discrimination was poor (c-statistic, 0.560).
CONCLUSION: ALA remains a rare but high-morbidity coded inpatient diagnosis in the United States. Administrative variables did not yield a clinically useful individual-level risk prediction model.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the 2002-2023 National Inpatient Sample, excluding 2015. ALA was identified by ICD-9-CM 006.3 or ICD-10-CM A06.4 in any diagnosis position. The primary morbidity outcome was a composite of severe sepsis, acute kidney injury, liver-related decompensation, gram-negative septicemia, or unspecified septicemia. Survey-weighted analyses incorporated discharge weights, strata, and clustering. We identified 688 ALA hospitalizations, representing 3314 weighted national hospitalizations (95% CI, 2982-3646). The annual proportion declined (P < 0.001). ALA hospitalizations were predominantly male (77.6%), frequently Hispanic (51.7%), and concentrated in the West (45.6%). A coded drainage/aspiration procedure was present in 57.2%. The severe morbidity composite occurred in 25.1% of ALA versus 15.1% of general adult hospitalizations (P < 0.001). Mean length of stay (8.64 vs 4.83 days) and mean 2023 charges ($82,964 vs $55,508) were higher (both P < 0.001). Coagulopathy was the only factor retained after backward elimination (adjusted OR, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.49-9.77; P = 0.006), but final-model discrimination was poor (c-statistic, 0.560).
CONCLUSION: ALA remains a rare but high-morbidity coded inpatient diagnosis in the United States. Administrative variables did not yield a clinically useful individual-level risk prediction model.