Decision making for diagnosis and management: algorithms from experts for molecular testing.

Cases are presented in light of the current diagnostic and therapeutic trends in management of thyroid nodules and well-differentiated cancers. Demographic, historical, and population-based risk factors are used to risk stratify cases. Ultrasonographic features and other imaging are discussed with regard to appropriateness of utilization and impact on management. The role of traditional cytologic and histopathologic analysis with fine-needle aspiration and intraoperative frozen sections is discussed, including diagnostic nuances and limitations. The emerging role of biomarkers such as Braf are evaluated regarding their role in contemporary assessment of thyroid nodules by reviewing practical cases.