Clinical Outcomes of Classical, V-Y, and Z-plasty Frenectomies: A Triad of Techniques.

The frenum is a fold of mucous membrane that connects the gingiva, underlying periosteum, and alveolar mucosa to the lip and cheek. It can negatively impact periodontal health by impeding plaque control or causing muscle pull if it is placed too near the gingival margin. An aberrant frenum in the maxillary region can also cause aesthetic issues or impede the results of orthodontic treatment, especially when midline diastema is present. This frequently leads to relapse following treatment. Frenectomy is the method used to manage such abnormal frenal attachments. This case series demonstrates various frenectomy techniques, including conventional (classical) frenectomy, V-Y plasty, and Z-plasty.