[Etiological bacterial factors of respiratory system infections in the Intensive Care Unit Surgery Clinic].

Pneumonia is the most frequently occurring hospital-acquired infection in Intensive Care Units (ICU). The frequency of bacteriological pathogenic factors in the surgical ICU and efficiency of empiric antibiotic therapy used in ICU was assessed. The study included 239 ICU patients in the I Department of General Surgery and Gastroenterological Surgery Clinics of Jagiellonian University Hospital in 2006 year. The bronchoscope materials were worked out with the application of qualitative and quantitative diagnostic methods. Identification of bacteria strains was based on the qualification of their biochemical characteristics based on commercially available tests (bio-Merieux): ID 32E and ID 32GN for rod-shaped (bacilli) bacteria and tests ID 32 STAPH and api 20 STREP that were applied to identify spherical (cocci) bacteria. Sensitivity to medicines was marked in the automatic system VITEK 2 (bio-Merieux). The ability to produce extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) was marked with double disc test (DDT). The immunity to meticiline was marked with diffusion-disc test and with E test method (AB BIODISK). The most frequently isolated gram-negative bacteria (92.3%). Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens constituted the largest percentage of bacteria strains resistant to many antibiotics. Change of antibiotic used was necessary in 24.3% of patients.