Case report: Patient with acute dental pain has cardiac valve replacement--INR 3.8. What to do? What not to do?

Cardiovascular medicine treatments now include an increasing number of cardiac valve replacements; approximately 60,000 patients may undergo heart valve replacement per year. Dentists will be seeing an increasing number of patients who have undergone this surgical intervention. This paper will overview the types of valve replacements and suggested patient management in the dental setting. A case report of one such patient and the treatment provided is presented.