Microbial pathogenesis · 2025
Surveillance of Escherichia coli antimicrobial resistance in pig farms in Zhejiang province, China: High prevalence of multidrug resistance and risk-associated genes.
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Yang Yue, Sun Yuhan, Zhou Zhijin, Song Yu, Zhu Yujie, Zhou Wei, Yue Min, Zhao Guoping, Jiang Han, Tang Biao
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: The global rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical threat to public health, with the overuse of antibiotics in livestock being a key driver of this escalating problem. However, research on livestock-associated AMR remains limited, with few systematic monitoring efforts. This study addresses this gap by presenting findings from our surveillance of Escherichia coli resistance in pig farms in Zhejiang Province, China.
METHODS: The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined via broth microdilution-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The complete genome sequence was acquired using both Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platforms. In the plasmid conjugation experiment, sodium azide-resistant E. coli strain J53 served as the recipient. The E. coli genomes were analyzed for AMR genes, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) types, plasmid types, and virulence genes using the ABRicate.
RESULTS: A total of 51 E. coli strains from 90 fecal samples collected across six farms. Resistance rates for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole exceeded 90 %, while resistance to ampicillin, florfenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was above 80 %. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains was 89.24 %. Whole-genome sequencing revealed 58 acquired AMR genes and 17 virulence-associated genes, notably including the astA gene. Two strains exhibited meropenem resistance and carried blaNDM-5, located on IncI1-I plasmids. These strains shared an identical genetic context, characterized by an "IS26-IS30-blaNDM-5-bleMBL-dsdD-IS91″ structure, which may promote horizontal gene transfer of blaNDM-5. Additionally, six strains harbored the tet(X4) gene.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite ongoing antibiotic reduction efforts, the high prevalence of resistant E. coli in pigs underscores the urgent need for sustained surveillance of AMR in animal populations to mitigate the threat of resistance.
METHODS: The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined via broth microdilution-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The complete genome sequence was acquired using both Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platforms. In the plasmid conjugation experiment, sodium azide-resistant E. coli strain J53 served as the recipient. The E. coli genomes were analyzed for AMR genes, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) types, plasmid types, and virulence genes using the ABRicate.
RESULTS: A total of 51 E. coli strains from 90 fecal samples collected across six farms. Resistance rates for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole exceeded 90 %, while resistance to ampicillin, florfenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was above 80 %. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains was 89.24 %. Whole-genome sequencing revealed 58 acquired AMR genes and 17 virulence-associated genes, notably including the astA gene. Two strains exhibited meropenem resistance and carried blaNDM-5, located on IncI1-I plasmids. These strains shared an identical genetic context, characterized by an "IS26-IS30-blaNDM-5-bleMBL-dsdD-IS91″ structure, which may promote horizontal gene transfer of blaNDM-5. Additionally, six strains harbored the tet(X4) gene.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite ongoing antibiotic reduction efforts, the high prevalence of resistant E. coli in pigs underscores the urgent need for sustained surveillance of AMR in animal populations to mitigate the threat of resistance.