Primary chronic osteomyelitis associated with synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO syndrome).

Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis may indicate the mandibular localisation of the SAPHO syndrome. Twelve patients with diffuse sclerosis of the mandible were examined for symptoms of the SAPHO syndrome. Nine patients were found to have primary chronic osteomyelitis and eight of these represented a SAPHO syndrome. Results in this series support the hypothesis of an association between primary chronic osteomyelitis and the SAPHO syndrome.