The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018
Low prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance detected by a dried blood spot (DBS)-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) method in newly diagnosed individuals in Cameroon in the years 2015-16.
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Mbunkah Herbert A, Marzel Alex, Schmutz Stefan, Kok Yik Lim, Zagordi Osvaldo, Shilaih Mohaned, Nsanwe Ndi N, Mbu Eyongetah T, Besong Lydia M, Sama Bella A, Orock Emmanuel, Kouyos Roger D, Günthard Huldrych F, Metzner Karin J
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To determine the most recent prevalence, transmission patterns and risk factors of transmitted drug-resistance mutations (TDRMs) in Cameroon, we initiated a multicentre study monitoring HIV-1 drug resistance in newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals using a novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay applicable to fingerprick dried blood spot (DBS) samples.
METHODS: Fingerprick DBS samples and questionnaires were collected from 360 newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in four hospitals in urban areas in Cameroon in the years 2015-16. We developed an HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance genotyping assay applicable to DBS samples and HIV-1 genomes of groups M, N and O. The WHO 2009 list of mutations for surveillance of transmitted drug-resistant HIV strains was used to analyse TDRMs.
RESULTS: Applying our 'DBS-NGS-genotypic resistance test', baseline HIV-1 drug resistance data were successfully obtained from 82.8% (298/360) of newly diagnosed individuals. At nucleotide frequencies >15%, TDRMs to NRTIs were observed in 3.0% (9/298), to NNRTIs in 4.0% (12/298) and to PIs in 1.3% (3/240). The NNRTI mutation K103N was most commonly detected (2.7%). Expanding the analysis to low-abundance TDRMs, i.e. 3%-15%, 12 additional individuals (4.0%) harbouring TDRMs were identified. Having unprotected sex with a known HIV-1-positive person was significantly associated with the transmission of DRMs (adjusted OR 9.6; 95% CI 1.79-51.3).
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance is currently low in the study sites in Cameroon. Evidence of some risky sexual behaviours depicts a public health problem with possible implications for the prevention of new HIV-1 infections.
METHODS: Fingerprick DBS samples and questionnaires were collected from 360 newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in four hospitals in urban areas in Cameroon in the years 2015-16. We developed an HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance genotyping assay applicable to DBS samples and HIV-1 genomes of groups M, N and O. The WHO 2009 list of mutations for surveillance of transmitted drug-resistant HIV strains was used to analyse TDRMs.
RESULTS: Applying our 'DBS-NGS-genotypic resistance test', baseline HIV-1 drug resistance data were successfully obtained from 82.8% (298/360) of newly diagnosed individuals. At nucleotide frequencies >15%, TDRMs to NRTIs were observed in 3.0% (9/298), to NNRTIs in 4.0% (12/298) and to PIs in 1.3% (3/240). The NNRTI mutation K103N was most commonly detected (2.7%). Expanding the analysis to low-abundance TDRMs, i.e. 3%-15%, 12 additional individuals (4.0%) harbouring TDRMs were identified. Having unprotected sex with a known HIV-1-positive person was significantly associated with the transmission of DRMs (adjusted OR 9.6; 95% CI 1.79-51.3).
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance is currently low in the study sites in Cameroon. Evidence of some risky sexual behaviours depicts a public health problem with possible implications for the prevention of new HIV-1 infections.