OCCUPATIONAL ALLERGIC DERMATITIS IN METALWORKERS.

BACKGROUND

Allergic contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition triggered by exposure to specific allergens on metallurgy.

OBJECTIVES

To describe ten cases of occupational contact dermatitis in metalworkers, focusing on clinical presentation, latency, allergen identification, and patch test results.

METHODOLOGY: Ten workers (seven men and three women), primarily mechanics, welders, and foundry workers, presented with dermatitis mainly affecting their hands, forearms, neck, and face were studied.

RESULTS

Patch testing demonstrated a high prevalence of sensitization to metals, particularly cobalt chloride and nickel sulphate, often with severe reactions and frequent co-sensitization. Other metals, such as vanadium and potassium dichromate, were less common but clinically relevant in specific occupational contexts. In several cases, additional sensitization to additives in cutting oils was identified, indicating exposure to multiple allergens in industrial settings. Latency periods varied considerably, from a few months to several decades, with shorter latencies observed in individuals with a history of contact allergy. Complete remission was achieved primarily after a job change, while partial improvement was observed with the use of personal protective equipment and medical monitoring.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings underscore the crucial role of occupational exposure to metals and industrial fluids in the development of contact dermatitis and emphasize that effective allergen avoidance, including job modification, when necessary, remains the most effective strategy for managing the condition in affected workers.