Epidemiological dynamics and spatial expansion of animals sporotrichosis in the Brazilian Amazon.

Sporotrichosis, caused primarily by the highly virulent Sporothrix brasiliensis, represents a significant and expanding public health challenge in Brazil, particularly in the Amazon region. This study analyzed a comprehensive dataset of animal sporotrichosis cases reported in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, from 2020 to 2025, focusing on the capital, Manaus, and surrounding municipalities. Our findings reveal an alarming exponential increase in reported cases, rising from 16 in 2020 to4536 in 2025 in Manaus alone. The vast majority of cases (98.11%) involved domestic cats, while the remaining cases were predominantly reported in dogs, confirming the central role of felines in the transmission dynamics of sporotrichosis. Epidemiological analysis of the felines showed a predominance of males (65.38%), while 51.9% of animals were classified as semi-domiciled. Spatially, the disease is highly concentrated in the West zones of Manaus, with a clear pattern of expansion into neighboring municipalities, notably Presidente Figueiredo. The high euthanasia rate (37.96%) and low clinical cure rate (14.47%) underscore the severity of the outbreak and the urgent need for enhanced One Health strategies in the Amazon, considering the unique logistical challenges of the region.