Suspension systems for prostheses.

The appropriate suspension system results in a safe and well functioning lower extremity prosthesis. Residual limb length, joint ligament stability, and limb volume determine suspension methods as does activity level, dexterity, success of previous suspension, and cosmetic requirements. The supracondylar suspension cuff, prosthetic sleeves, and gel liners with locking mechanisms generally are indicated for the average to long transtibial amputation level. Short limbs are better fitted with supracondylar and suprapatellar suspension. Waist belts generally are indicated for patients with new amputations or those with vascular compromise. Suction suspension is the most desirable form of transfemoral suspension and is recommended for most standard to long residual limbs. Roll on silicone liners with or without locking pins and the hyperbaric sock offer the patient systems that are easier to don yet still provide unencumbered suspension. The total elastic suspension belt offers excellent auxiliary suspension and can be applied to the prosthesis by the patient. Multiple factors and patient preference should be considered when prescribing suspension systems for lower extremity prostheses.