Regional decrease in gray matter volume is related to body dissatisfaction in anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder, in which the prognosis for some patients is poor. The etiology and effective treatments for AN have not been established. We examined morphometric changes in the brain of AN and clarified how the changes were associated with symptoms and pathophysiology. We enrolled 52 participants: 7 with the restrictive type of AN, 13 with the binge-eating/purging type, 3 with eating disorder not otherwise specified, and 29 healthy controls. Participants underwent T1-weighted MRI. Group differences between patients and controls in gray matter volume (GMV) were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Age and body mass index (BMI) were considered covariates. Correlations between regional GMVs and drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction were examined. Patients had decreased GMV in the superior/middle temporal gyrus (STG/MTG), pulvinar, and superior frontal gyrus after correction for age and BMI, and in the STG/MTG, middle frontal gyrus, and cingulate after correction for age. A correlational group difference was detected for body dissatisfaction and GMV in the STG. Our findings suggest that decreased GMV in the STG is related to body dissatisfaction that could come from impaired visuospatial perception, together with GMV decreases in several regions, which may be involved in development of AN.