HGTL: A hypergraph transfer learning framework for survival prediction of ccRCC.

The clinical diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) primarily depends on histopathological analysis and computed tomography (CT). Although pathological diagnosis is regarded as the gold standard, invasive procedures such as biopsy carry the risk of tumor dissemination. Conversely, CT scanning offers a non-invasive alternative, but its resolution may be inadequate for detecting microscopic tumor features, which limits the performance of prognostic assessments. To address this issue, we propose a high-order correlation-driven method for predicting the survival of ccRCC using only CT images, achieving performance comparable to that of the pathological gold standard. The proposed method utilizes a cross-modal hypergraph neural network based on hypergraph transfer learning to perform high-order correlation modeling and semantic feature extraction from whole-slide pathological images and CT images. By employing multi-kernel maximum mean discrepancy, we transfer the high-order semantic features learned from pathological images to the CT-based hypergraph neural network channel. During the testing phase, high-precision survival predictions were achieved using only CT images, eliminating the need for pathological images. This approach not only reduces the risks associated with invasive examinations for patients but also significantly enhances clinical diagnostic efficiency. The proposed method was validated using four datasets: three collected from different hospitals and one from the public TCGA dataset. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves higher concordance indices across all datasets compared to other methods.