Breast imaging in Turner syndrome - ultrasonographic assessment of breast development and screening.

Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with delayed puberty, abnormal breast development, and increased risk of certain diseases. The purpose of this article is to present the current state of breast development assessment in TS patients, focusing on the use of ultrasound (US), mammography, and MRI, regarding their utility in monitoring changes in women with TS. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases like PubMed and Medline. There are currently no specific recommendations for breast US in TS patients, and because no conclusive US classification of breast development with distinctive sonographic features in the breast has been established, breast US in women with TS remains a diagnostic challenge. Proposed US scales for breast development in adolescent girls and fibroglandular tissue evaluation in men with gynecomastia are suggested as potential tools for monitoring breast development in women with Turner syndrome. Further research is highlighted as crucial to improving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.