Autonomous hyperparathyroidism in patients on maintenance home dialysis.

Ninety-nine patients with end-stage renal failure treated by maintenance home dialysis whose calcium and phosphorus balance was carefully controlled were studied for radiographic evidence of hyperparathyroidism. A total of 43 showed evidence of hyperparathyroidism despite excellent medical management. In 23 the abnormality was stable and the patients were asymptomatic with regard to the skeleton. The other 20 showed progressive bone disease. Sixteen of these patients were operated upon, and 14 were relieved of their symptoms by parathyroidectomy. Following operation, the radiographic evidence of bone disease halted dramatically, and a decided return toward normal was documented on subsequent films. Thus parathyroidectomy can control the skeletal deterioration and bone pain of hyperparathyroidism in patients who develop this complication. Serial radiographic studies are a reliable indicator of this circumstance.