The significance of central venous pressure and cardiac output measurements in shock.

The central venous pressure changes which occur in shock syndromes vary with the aetiology and other factors. Two methods of measuring CVP have given different results, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed, together with an appraisal of the diagnostic and therapeutic value of such measurements. The CVP changes produced by transfusion are related to changes in cardiac output and the value of the latter as a guide to treatment is discussed. The relationship of these measurements to clinical signs is emphasized.