Early Hippocampal Atrophy Is an Important Signal for Clinicians but Not Necessarily a Harbinger of Alzheimer Disease.

Dementia is one of the most formidable health care challenges we face today. Fortunately, there is new hope for patients and clinicians because we are on the verge of anti-β-amyloid (Aβ) therapies to slow disease progression in Alzheimer disease (AD). But these new therapies are far from curative, and many challenges remain related to confounding pathologic processes and mixed disease states. These challenges are only beginning to be addressed in regard to the use of antemortem biomarkers.