Role of the mannose receptor in a murine model of Cryptococcus neoformans infection.

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated fungal pathogen with a predilection to infect persons with suppressed T-cell function. Cryptococcal mannoproteins (MP) are highly mannosylated antigens which elicit T-cell responses in infected mice and in convalescent patients. Key to the immunogenicity of MP is its capacity to bind to the conserved mannose receptor (MR), CD206, on dendritic cells (DCs). To test the role of the MR in the immune response to C. neoformans, wild-type and MR knockout (MR KO) mice were compared by using in vivo and ex vivo models of cryptococcosis. Following a pulmonary challenge with C. neoformans, MR KO mice died significantly faster than wild-type mice and had higher lung fungal burdens after 4 weeks of infection. Uptake of MP was similar when DCs obtained from wild-type and MR KO mice were compared. Additionally, MP did not upregulate the maturation markers major histocompatibility complex class II, CD86, and CD40 in either wild-type or MR KO DCs. However, MP stimulated lymphoproliferation in CD4(+) T cells obtained from the peripheral lymph nodes of infected wild-type but not MR KO mice. These studies demonstrate a nonredundant role for the MR in the development of CD4(+) T-cell responses to MP and protection from C. neoformans.