The Glymphatic System and Sleep Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by both motor and nonmotor symptoms, including significant sleep disturbances. The glymphatic system, a brain-wide clearance mechanism active during sleep, may play a key role in PD pathology by impairing the removal of toxic proteins like α-synuclein. Dysfunctional glymphatic clearance and disrupted sleep may create a cycle that accelerates neurodegeneration. This review explores the interplay between glymphatic dysfunction and sleep disturbances in PD, highlighting imaging biomarkers used to assess glymphatic activity.