A review of preclinical research on mechanically gated ion channels as therapeutic targets in neuropathic pain.

BACKGROUND

Neuropathic pain (NP), resulting from damage or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system, severely impairs patients' quality of life and constitutes a substantial global disease burden. Recent evidence highlights the critical involvement of mechanosensitive ion channels in peripheral nociception.

DISCUSSION: This review systematically examines the roles of key mechanosensitive channels in NP pathophysiology. TRPV4 mediates mechanical allodynia via ion flux modulation and neuroinflammation; TRPC6 enhances neuronal excitability through calcium dynamics and MAPK/mTOR signaling; TRPA1 regulates pain through neuronal and Schwann cell mechanisms involving the NOX1-oxidative stress-CXCL1 axis and myelin disruption; TREK channels attenuate pain by stabilizing resting membrane potential; TMEM family members modulate neuroimmune signaling; and Piezo2 critically contributes to mechanical and inflammatory hypersensitivity. These mechanisms reveal significant translational potential for analgesic development.

CONCLUSIONS

Targeted modulation of mechanosensitive ion channels represents a promising strategy for developing effective, non-addictive analgesics. This review establishes a theoretical foundation for understanding NP pathophysiology and identifies actionable therapeutic targets with substantial clinical relevance.