Neutering pathogens through green synthesized nanoparticles.

The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in animal diseases poses a severe threat to veterinary care and public health, necessitating the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Traditional antimicrobial treatments are becoming increasingly less effective, creating an urgent need for innovative solutions. One among several other promising avenues is the use of plant-based nanoparticles (NPs), which exhibit powerful antimicrobial properties while offering a sustainable and low-toxicity approach. These nanoparticles, synthesized via green methods using plant-derived phytochemicals as natural reducing and stabilizing agents, provide an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and biocompatible option for addressing MDR pathogens. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of these nanoparticles, including size, shape, and surface characteristics, can be fine-tuned to enhance their antimicrobial potency and target-specific action. This review explores the potential of plant-based nanoparticles as a groundbreaking strategy for tackling MDR pathogens in animal diseases, focusing on their mechanisms of action, green synthesis techniques, and applications in veterinary medicine. By optimizing synthesis processes, assessing toxicity, and evaluating in vivo efficacy, plant-based nanoparticles could emerge as an essential tool in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals, with implications for global health.