Food Minor Bioactive Compounds of Polyphenolic and Polyprenolic Nature Are Promising Agents for the Prevention and Therapy of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most prevalent liver disorders globally, affecting approximately 25% to 40% of the adult population. Closely associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, NAFLD presents a growing burden due to its increasing incidence and high healthcare costs. In this context, the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies remains a pressing challenge in modern medicine. This review aims to analyze current scientific evidence on bioactive plant compounds-particularly polyphenols and polyprenols-including their natural sources, mechanisms of action, and potential applications in the prevention and dietary management of NAFLD. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that both polyphenols and polyprenols exert hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic effects. These compounds modulate signaling pathways implicated in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, positively influence gut microbiota composition, and affect bile acid metabolism. Studies have confirmed the efficacy of polyphenol-rich foods (naringenin, resveratrol, chlorogenic acid, etc.) and polyprenol-based formulations in reducing body weight and liver steatosis, improving biochemical markers and insulin resistance. The combined application of polyphenols and polyprenols may yield synergistic effects on multiple pathogenic pathways and represents a promising direction for the dietary prevention and management of NAFLD.