Role of metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer and pharmacologic intervention.

Metabolic reprogramming, a core hallmark of tumorigenesis, is crucial for CRC development and metastasis; this study reviews the process of metabolic reprogramming in CRC and the latest advances in pharmaceutical therapy, examines various intervention options from three perspectives-microenvironmental change, suppression of key enzyme function, and metabolic substrate deprivation-and uses translational medicine to discuss the clinical applications of these strategies, while noting that changes in metabolic and immunological parameters in the tumor microenvironment enhance tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, According to the study, targeting metabolic reprogramming is a promising paradigm for CRC precision therapy; however, clinical translation faces challenges such as tumor heterogeneity and resistance, so future research should combine multi-omics technologies with clinical trials to identify biomarkers and develop combinatorial strategies targeting metabolism and immune checkpoints.